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A Practical Guide to Managing Pain and When to Seek Medical Help



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A Note from Cleveland Clinic


The information below is compiled from evidence‑based sources, including the Cleveland Clinic guidelines for pain management. It reflects current best practices but does not replace personalized medical advice. If you have any doubts or concerns, consult a qualified health professional.



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Pain

Pain is a protective signal that alerts us to injury or illness.





Acute pain (short‑term) usually indicates tissue damage and resolves as healing occurs.


Chronic pain persists beyond the expected period of recovery and often requires a multidisciplinary approach (medication, physical therapy, behavioral strategies).







Pain Types


Type Typical Characteristics


Acute Sudden onset, sharp or throbbing; resolves within weeks.


Chronic Long‑lasting (>3–6 months), may be dull, burning, or stabbing.


Neuropathic Burning, tingling, electric shock‑like; often associated with nerve injury.


Inflammatory Redness, warmth, swelling; pain worsens with movement.


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Pain Intensity



Mild: slight discomfort.


Moderate: noticeable, may limit activity.


Severe: intense, often debilitating.




Managing Intensity



Medication: NSAIDs for mild–moderate; stronger analgesics or opioids (under supervision) for severe.


Non‑pharmacologic: heat/cold therapy, gentle stretching, relaxation techniques.


Monitoring: Keep a pain diary to track triggers and effective interventions.







Pain Location



Localized: Specific area such as back, knee, or shoulder.


Radiating: Pain that spreads (e.g., sciatica down the leg).




Strategies



Identify exact site via palpation or imaging.


Target treatments accordingly—physical therapy for localized joint pain; nerve block for radiating pain.







Summary of Management Principles



Factor Key Considerations Practical Actions


Intensity High vs low, functional impact Use analgesics; non‑opioid first line; adjust dose


Location Localized vs widespread Focus physical therapy or injections


Duration Acute (12 months) Treat underlying cause early; consider multidisciplinary care for chronic pain


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Take‑Away Points




Pain is a complex, multifactorial experience.


Consider biological, psychological, and social dimensions in every assessment.


Every patient’s story matters.


Use open‑ended questioning to understand the lived reality of their pain.


Clinical decision‑making should be data‑driven yet individualized.


Combine objective findings with patient‑reported outcomes for optimal care.





Suggested Further Reading



Topic Resource


Biopsychosocial model The biopsychosocial model of health and illness – J. R. Sturgeon et al. (2018)


Pain assessment tools The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) guidelines (2020)


Shared decision‑making in pain management Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) white paper (2019)


Feel free to ask for deeper dives into any particular area or for practical application tips!